Mandatory APP scam reimbursement turns fraud into a line in instant-payment unit economics, and the receiving firm now pays half. What it costs, and who.
Fraud losses land where the rules put them. How liability differs across cards, ACH, real-time rails, and wires, and what shifts it.
AI agents that buy on your behalf break the payment stack's core assumption. Who carries liability, why fraud models fail, and who captures the margin.
How the card dispute lifecycle works, what chargebacks really cost merchants, why friendly fraud dominates, and when to fight versus refund.
Instant payments removed the float fraud teams relied on. A 2026 framework for sub-second scoring, the model stack, and build versus buy.
Where does the money actually leak out of a payments stack, and who pays for it? Every payment system covered in this course was designed to
Deep analysis across the systems, strategies, and economics that shape modern technology.
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